# i. Analytics Foundations

Analytics foundations describe the principles and methods used to analyze data, identify patterns, and generate insights. In real estate and infrastructure contexts, analytics translate structured information into measurable understanding that supports operational, financial, and strategic decisions.

#### **Analytical Model**

A structured approach used to evaluate data and produce insights or estimates.

#### **Data Input**

The raw or processed information used as the basis for analysis.

#### **Data Output**

The result produced by an analytical process, such as a metric, score, or forecast.

#### **Descriptive Analytics**

Analysis focused on understanding historical data and past performance.

#### **Diagnostic Analytics**

Analysis aimed at identifying causes or drivers behind observed outcomes.

#### **Metric**

A quantifiable measure used to track performance or characteristics.

#### **Normalization**

The process of adjusting data to enable comparison across different scales or contexts.

#### **Statistical Analysis**

The use of mathematical techniques to interpret data and assess relationships.

#### **Trend Analysis**

The examination of data patterns over time to identify directional movement.

#### **Variance**

The degree of deviation between expected and observed results.


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