# ii. Urban Systems & Infrastructure

Urban systems and infrastructure describe the interconnected networks that enable cities to function. These systems support movement, utilities, services, and economic activity, and must operate reliably at scale to sustain population density and growth.

#### **Critical Infrastructure**

Systems whose disruption would significantly impact public safety, economic activity, or essential services.

#### **Energy System**

Infrastructure responsible for generating, transmitting, and distributing power.

#### **Infrastructure Network**

Interconnected assets that deliver services such as transportation, water, or communications.

#### **Interdependency**

The condition where multiple systems rely on one another to function effectively.

#### **Public Infrastructure**

Assets owned or operated by public entities to serve collective needs.

#### **Service Capacity**

The maximum level of demand an infrastructure system can support.

#### **System Resilience**

The ability of infrastructure to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions.

#### **Transportation System**

Networks that support the movement of people and goods.

#### **Utility Network**

Infrastructure providing water, wastewater, energy, or telecommunications services.

#### **Urban System**

A coordinated set of physical, social, and economic components operating within a city.


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