iii. Digital Twins

Digital twins provide a structured digital representation of a physical real estate asset. They connect geometry, systems, documents, and data into a unified reference that supports operations, analysis, verification, and lifecycle continuity.

3D Model

A digital three-dimensional representation of a building or component used for visualization and coordination.

Asset Representation

A digital abstraction capturing the key attributes and structure of a physical asset.

BIM (Building Information Modeling)

A methodology for creating data-rich digital models that represent building geometry and systems.

Component

A discrete physical element of an asset, such as equipment, assemblies, or spaces, represented digitally.

Digital Twin

A maintained digital representation of a physical asset that reflects its structure and associated data.

Geospatial Context

Location-based information situating an asset within its physical environment.

Model Federation

The process of combining multiple models or datasets into a unified digital view.

Spatial Hierarchy

The organization of an asset into logical levels such as site, building, floor, and room.

System Representation

Digital modeling of functional systems such as mechanical, electrical, or plumbing networks.

Twin Update

The process of aligning the digital twin with changes, inspections, or upgrades to the physical asset.