# iii. Digital Twins

Digital twins provide a structured digital representation of a physical real estate asset. They connect geometry, systems, documents, and data into a unified reference that supports operations, analysis, verification, and lifecycle continuity.

#### **3D Model**

A digital three-dimensional representation of a building or component used for visualization and coordination.

#### **Asset Representation**

A digital abstraction capturing the key attributes and structure of a physical asset.

#### **BIM (Building Information Modeling)**

A methodology for creating data-rich digital models that represent building geometry and systems.

#### **Component**

A discrete physical element of an asset, such as equipment, assemblies, or spaces, represented digitally.

#### **Digital Twin**

A maintained digital representation of a physical asset that reflects its structure and associated data.

#### **Geospatial Context**

Location-based information situating an asset within its physical environment.

#### **Model Federation**

The process of combining multiple models or datasets into a unified digital view.

#### **Spatial Hierarchy**

The organization of an asset into logical levels such as site, building, floor, and room.

#### **System Representation**

Digital modeling of functional systems such as mechanical, electrical, or plumbing networks.

#### **Twin Update**

The process of aligning the digital twin with changes, inspections, or upgrades to the physical asset.


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