# ii. Design, Architecture & Engineering

Design, architecture, and engineering define how a real estate project is planned, coordinated, and documented prior to construction. This stage transforms development intent into technical drawings and specifications that guide permitting, cost estimation, construction, and long-term asset performance.

#### **Architect of Record**

The licensed architect responsible for the design’s compliance with building codes and regulatory requirements.

#### **Architectural Drawings**

Plans, sections, elevations, and details that define the physical layout and appearance of a building.

#### **Building Information Modeling (BIM)**

A digital process for creating and managing coordinated, information-rich models of a building’s physical and functional characteristics.

#### **Code Compliance Review**

An evaluation of design documents to ensure alignment with applicable building codes and regulations.

#### **Construction Documents (CDs)**

Detailed drawings and specifications used for permitting, bidding, and construction.

#### **Design Coordination**

The process of aligning architectural, structural, and engineering systems to avoid conflicts and inefficiencies.

#### **Design Development (DD)**

A project phase where concepts are refined into coordinated systems, materials, and assemblies.

#### **Engineering Disciplines**

Specialized fields such as structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineering that support building performance.

#### **MEP Systems**

Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems that enable building functionality and comfort.

#### **Performance Specifications**

Design requirements that define outcomes or standards rather than prescriptive solutions.

#### **Schematic Design (SD)**

An early design phase establishing basic layout, scale, and systems relationships.

#### **Value Engineering**

A structured review process aimed at optimizing design cost, performance, and constructability.


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