ii. Design, Architecture & Engineering

Design, architecture, and engineering define how a real estate project is planned, coordinated, and documented prior to construction. This stage transforms development intent into technical drawings and specifications that guide permitting, cost estimation, construction, and long-term asset performance.

Architect of Record

The licensed architect responsible for the design’s compliance with building codes and regulatory requirements.

Architectural Drawings

Plans, sections, elevations, and details that define the physical layout and appearance of a building.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

A digital process for creating and managing coordinated, information-rich models of a building’s physical and functional characteristics.

Code Compliance Review

An evaluation of design documents to ensure alignment with applicable building codes and regulations.

Construction Documents (CDs)

Detailed drawings and specifications used for permitting, bidding, and construction.

Design Coordination

The process of aligning architectural, structural, and engineering systems to avoid conflicts and inefficiencies.

Design Development (DD)

A project phase where concepts are refined into coordinated systems, materials, and assemblies.

Engineering Disciplines

Specialized fields such as structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineering that support building performance.

MEP Systems

Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems that enable building functionality and comfort.

Performance Specifications

Design requirements that define outcomes or standards rather than prescriptive solutions.

Schematic Design (SD)

An early design phase establishing basic layout, scale, and systems relationships.

Value Engineering

A structured review process aimed at optimizing design cost, performance, and constructability.