# iv. Public-Private Interfaces

Public–private interfaces describe the points of interaction between government entities and private organizations in the planning, financing, delivery, and operation of the built environment. These interfaces shape how responsibilities, risks, and incentives are allocated across sectors.

#### **Concession Agreement**

A contractual arrangement granting a private entity the right to operate or manage a public asset for a defined period.

#### **Contracting Authority**

A public body responsible for procuring or overseeing infrastructure or services.

#### **Delivery Model**

The structure defining how a project is financed, built, operated, and maintained.

#### **Governance Interface**

The formal mechanisms through which public oversight and private execution interact.

#### **Public–Private Partnership (PPP)**

A collaborative arrangement where public and private entities share responsibilities, risks, and returns.

#### **Risk Allocation**

The assignment of financial, operational, or regulatory risks between public and private parties.

#### **Service Agreement**

A contract defining performance expectations and obligations for service delivery.

#### **Stakeholder Alignment**

The coordination of objectives and incentives across public and private participants.

#### **Value for Money**

An assessment of whether a project delivers optimal outcomes relative to cost and risk.


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